Valoración del tratamiento del shunt portosistémico congénito en el adulto en función de la sintomatología asociada / Appreciation of the treatment in adult patients with congenital portosystemic connections in relation with their symptoms

Introducción: las comunicaciones porto-sistémicas congénitas intrahepáticas (síndrome de Abernethy) son variantes anatómicas muy poco frecuentes, estando clasificadas en función del tipo de unión que exista entre la vena porta y el sistema venoso central. En el adulto, su diagnóstico suele ser incidental, aunque algunos casos puede presentarse con clínica de encefalopatía en pacientes sin hepatopatía asociada. Casos clínicos: presentamos dos casos de shunt porto-sistémico, uno con desarrollo de encefalopatía y otro hallado de forma casual. Su tratamiento, por medio de radiología intervencionista se decidió en función de si presentaban o no sintomatología. Ambos casos (tratado y control) se presentan al control en consultas externas asintomáticos, sin asociar complicaciones derivadas de la decisión terapéutica. Este control se realiza anualmente con pruebas de imagen (ecografía/TAC) y análisis sanguíneo. Discusión: dada la escasa prevalencia de este tipo de malformación y su diagnóstico habitual en edades más tempranas (asociada a importantes alteraciones cognitivas) su tratamiento en adultos no está protocolizado. En estos casos la decisión del tratamiento estaría condicionada a la sintomatología asociada, siendo el tratamiento mínimamente invasivo mediante radiología intervencionista una opción terapéutica a valorar en el adulto sintomático. Por su parte la observación por medio de pruebas de imagen y control en consultas externas, sin tratamiento asociado, seria de elección en adultos en los que no se presenta sintomatología asociada

Background: portosystemic intrahepatic venous connections (Abernethy syndrome) are rare anatomical variants, which are classified according to the type of union between the portal venous circulation and the central venous system. In adults, the diagnosis is often incidental, although some cases can be presented with an encephalopathy without associated liver disease. Case reports: here we present two cases of portosystemic shunt, one with encephalopathy development, and the other casually caught. Its treatment by interventionist radiology, was decided in function of clinic symptoms. Both patients were asymptomatic at controls in the outpatient consultation. No complications derived from the therapeutic decision. The control is carried out annually with image tests and blood analysis. Discussion: given the low prevalence of malformation and its usual diagnosis at younger ages (associated with important cognitive alterations) its treatment in adults is not protocolized. In these cases the decision of the treatment would be conditioned to the associated symptomatology, being the minimally invasive treatment (by interventional radiology) a therapeutic option in the symptomatic adult. Observation by imaging tests and control in outpatient consultation (without associated treatment) would be a choice in asymptomatic adults

Appreciation of the treatment in adult patients with congenital portosystemic connections in relation with their symptoms.

BACKGROUND: portosystemic intrahepatic venous connections (Abernethy syndrome) are rare anatomical variants, which are classified according to the type of union between the portal venous circulation and the central venous system. In adults, the diagnosis is often incidental, although some cases can be presented with an encephalopathy without associated liver disease. CASE REPORTS: here we present two cases of portosystemic shunt, one with encephalopathy development, and the other casually caught. Its treatment by interventionist radiology, was decided in function of clinic symptoms. Both patients were asymptomatic at controls in the outpatient consultation. No complications derived from the therapeutic decision. The control is carried out annually with image tests and blood analysis. DISCUSSION: given the low prevalence of malformation and its usual diagnosis at younger ages (associated with important cognitive alterations) its treatment in adults is not protocolized. In these cases the decision of the treatment would be conditioned to the associated symptomatology, being the minimally invasive treatment (by interventional radiology) a therapeutic option in the symptomatic adult. Observation by imaging tests and control in outpatient consultation (without associated treatment) would be a choice in asymptomatic adults.

Incontinencia fecal en el paciente anciano. Revisión de conjunto / Fecal incontinence in older patients: A narrative review

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Cirugía laparoscópica en el tratamiento de la invaginación entero-cólica en el adulto: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Laparoscopic surgery for adult enterocolic intussusception: Case report and literature review

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Ecografía intraoperatoria: ¿método de elección en la detección de lesiones de la mama? / Intraoperative ultrasound: Is it the method of choice for the detection of breast lesions?

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Indicaciones quirúrgicas en los pólipos de vesícula biliar / Surgical indications in gallbladder polyps

Introducción La cirugía por pólipo de vesícula biliar está poco definida debido a la carencia de guías clínicas basadas en la evidencia. Objetivo Analizar el manejo de los pólipos en nuestro medio, y revisión de la literatura y estándares de tratamiento. Material y métodos De la base de datos de Patología se extrajeron los informes de colecistectomía con pólipos vesiculares (PV). De la base de datos de Cirugía se identificó a pacientes intervenidos con diagnóstico de PV. Se confeccionó un listado único y se llevó a cabo la revisión de las historias clínicas incluyendo edad, sexo, clínica, informe ecográfico e informe anatomopatológico. Resultados Se incluyó a 30 pacientes, mediana de edad 51 años (rango 22-83), 21 mujeres. En 19 pacientes el diagnóstico ecográfico fue PV, 7 de PV y litiasis, y 4 de litiasis sin pólipo. Otros diagnósticos concurrentes con PV fueron hemangiomas múltiples (3), gran quiste simple único (1), quistes simples múltiples (1). Once pacientes tuvieron dolor típico (origen biliar), 5 de los cuales sin litiasis ecográfica. Ocho presentaron dolor inespecífico, persistiendo en 3 tras la colecistectomía. Se encontraron pseudopólipos en 20 vesículas, y pólipos verdaderos en 4 casos. En 3 casos no se hallaron pólipos en el examen patológico. Conclusiones El informe ecográfico debe especificar el tamaño, forma y número de pólipos. Los pacientes con dolor biliar típico se beneficiarán de una colecistectomía. Ante un PV menor de 10mm y edad menor de 50 años la probabilidad de malignidad es mínima y no requiere colecistectomía. Los PV mayores de 10mm deben ser indicación de colecistectomía (AU)

Introduction The surgery of gallbladder polyps is not well defined due to the lack of evidence-based clinical guidelines. Objective To analyse the management of polyps in Spain, and a review of the literature and treatment standards. Material and methods The reports on cholecystectomy with gallbladder polyps (GBP) were extracted from the Pathology data base. Patients subjected to surgery with a diagnosis of GBP were identified in the Surgery data base. A single list was prepared and a review was made of the clinical histories, including, age, gender, clinical data, ultrasound report, and histopathology report. Results A total of 30 patients, with a median age of 51 years (range 22-83), 21 of whom were female, were included. The ultrasound diagnosis was GBP in 19 patients, GBP and calculi in 7 cases, and calculi with no polyps in 4 cases. Other diagnoses concurrent with GBP were multiple haemangiomas (3), large single simple cyst (1), and multiple simple cysts (1). Eleven patients had typical pain (biliary origin), 5 of which showed no calculi on ultrasound. Eight had non-specific pain, which persisted in 3 cases after the cholecystectomy. Pseudopolyps were found in 20 gallbladders, and true polyps in 4 cases. In 3 cases, polyps were not found in the pathology study. Conclusions The ultrasound report must specify the size, shape, and number of polyps. Patients with biliary type pain would benefit from a cholecystectomy. The probability of malignancy is minimum if the GBP is less than 10mm and aged under 50 years, and a cholecystectomy is not required. A GBP greater than 10mm should be an indication of cholecystectomy (AU)

[Surgical indications in gallbladder polyps]. / Indicaciones quirúrgicas en los pólipos de vesícula biliar.

INTRODUCTION: The surgery of gallbladder polyps is not well defined due to the lack of evidence-based clinical guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the management of polyps in Spain, and a review of the literature and treatment standards. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The reports on cholecystectomy with gallbladder polyps (GBP) were extracted from the Pathology data base. Patients subjected to surgery with a diagnosis of GBP were identified in the Surgery data base. A single list was prepared and a review was made of the clinical histories, including, age, gender, clinical data, ultrasound report, and histopathology report. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients, with a median age of 51 years (range 22-83), 21 of whom were female, were included. The ultrasound diagnosis was GBP in 19 patients, GBP and calculi in 7 cases, and calculi with no polyps in 4 cases. Other diagnoses concurrent with GBP were multiple haemangiomas (3), large single simple cyst (1), and multiple simple cysts (1). Eleven patients had typical pain (biliary origin), 5 of which showed no calculi on ultrasound. Eight had non-specific pain, which persisted in 3 cases after the cholecystectomy. Pseudopolyps were found in 20 gallbladders, and true polyps in 4 cases. In 3 cases, polyps were not found in the pathology study. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasound report must specify the size, shape, and number of polyps. Patients with biliary type pain would benefit from a cholecystectomy. The probability of malignancy is minimum if the GBP is less than 10mm and aged under 50 years, and a cholecystectomy is not required. A GBP greater than 10mm should be an indication of cholecystectomy.

Obstrucción sigmoidea por cálculo biliar / Gallstone obstruction of the sigmoid colon

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Leiomioma perineal grande en gestante de 9 semanas / Giant perineal leiomyoma in the 9th week of pregnancy

Los leiomiomas perineales son tumores infrecuentes de origen mesenquimal clasificados en somáticos y retroperitoneales. Los retroperitoneales son los que afectan sobre todo a las mujeres durante el período perimenopáusico. El diagnóstico va dirigido a diferenciarlos de los leiomiosarcomas y de los tumores estromales gastrointestinales. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 30 años de edad, gestante de 9 semanas. Consulta por una tumoración de crecimiento progresivo en espacio isquiorrectal derecho que coincide con el embarazo, pero paucisintomático. Se abordó por vía perineal y se practicó una resección en bloque de un tumor de 9 cm (AU)

Perineal leiomyoma are rare mesenchymal tumours classified as somatic or retroperitoneal. The retroperitoneal variety are mainly related to women during the peri-menopausal phase. Diagnosis is directed at differentiating them from leiomyosarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. We report on a case of a 30-year-old and 9-week pregnant woman. She consulted due to a progressive growing mass in the right ischiorrectal fossa coinciding with pregnancy, but with sparse symptoms. Surgery was performed through a perineal access with a complete resection of a 9 cm tumour (AU)

Cáncer de vesícula biliar en un hospital comarcal / Gallbladder cancer in a regional hospital

Objetivo Evaluar el tratamiento del cáncer de vesícula biliar (CVB) en nuestro medio. Material y métodos De 372 pacientes a los que se les realizó colecistectomía (enero de 2003 a febrero de 2007), 6 presentaron un CVB. Resultados En 4 casos el carcinoma fue incidental, en un paciente se tuvo sospecha diagnóstica antes de la colecistectomía, y un paciente comenzó con ictericia obstructiva secundaria a neoplasia avanzada. Incidencia: 2 casos por 100.000 habitantes por año; cáncer incidental en el 1,1% de las colecistectomías. La ecografía mostró multilitiasis en 2 pacientes, barro biliar y neoplasia en un paciente, litiasis mayor de 3cm en 2 pacientes y sólo masa tumoral en un paciente. Grados T: un caso T0 (in situ), un caso T1, 3 casos T2 y un caso T4. En los T2 incidentales se practicó ampliación quirúrgica: en 2, linfadenectomía, y en uno, segmentectomía IVb-V con linfadenectomía. En la sospecha preoperatoria se practicó colecistectomía, linfadenectomía y resección del lecho vesicular. Conclusiones El CVB presenta baja incidencia pero es un hallazgo incidental en el 1% de las colecistectomías. No existe tratamiento adyuvante, por lo que la cirugía basada en el grado T es la única oportunidad de curación. No es infrecuente que tumores supuestamente T2 sean luego T3 al existir células malignas en el lecho vesicular hepático. Su extirpación mantiene la oportunidad de curación. La creación de una base de datos nacional de cáncer de vesícula ayudaría a establecer recomendaciones terapéuticas propias para esta enfermedad (AU)

Objectives To assess the management of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in our region. Material and methods Data on 372 patients who underwent cholecystectomy were identified from our database (January 2003 to February 2008) and 6 patients were found to have GBC. Results Four patients had incidental carcinoma, one case was preoperatively suspected, and one patient presented with jaundice and locally advanced neoplasia. The incidence was 2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year; incidental carcinoma in 1.1% of cholecystecomies. The ultrasonography showed multilithiasis in 2 patients, sludge and neoplasia in 1, gallstones more than 3cm in 2, and tumor mass only in 1 case. T stage: 1 case of T0 (in situ), 1 of T1, 2 of T2 and one T4. Incidental carcinomas were reoperated on when a T2 was established: 2 underwent lymphadenectomy and cystic stump resection, 1 segmentectomy IVb-V and lymphadenectomy. In the preoperative suspected neoplasia a cholecystectomy, lymphadenectomy, and partial hepatic gallbladder bed resection was initially performed. Conclusions GBC has a low incidence but it will be found in 1% of cholecystectomies. There is no adjuvant treatment and T-based surgical treatment is the is the only opportunity to reach cure in those patients. A national GBC database would be helpful in the publication of national guidelines for this disease (AU)